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Marketing Glossary

The 33 metrics that decide how your marketing budget gets judged.

Every term below shows up in a board deck sooner or later. Each one gets the same treatment: what it actually means, the formula, a worked example with real numbers, why the board cares, and the mistakes that quietly make the number lie. Written for operators who have to defend a marketing budget in front of people who read financial statements for a living.

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Unit Economics · Media Efficiency · Pipeline and Funnel · Retention and Revenue Quality · Measurement and Market

Unit Economics

Unit Economics

Customer Acquisition Cost (CAC)

The fully loaded cost of winning one new customer, including media, salaries, agency fees and tools.

Customer Lifetime Value (LTV)

The total gross profit a customer generates across the whole relationship, not the revenue they generate.

LTV to CAC Ratio

How many dollars of lifetime gross profit each dollar of acquisition spend buys back.

CAC Payback Period

How many months of gross profit it takes to earn back what was spent acquiring a customer.

Contribution Margin

What is left from a sale after every variable cost, including the marketing spend that produced it.

Average Revenue Per User (ARPU)

Average revenue generated per customer or account in a period, usually measured monthly.

Annual Contract Value (ACV)

The annualized value of a customer contract, normalized so deals of different lengths can be compared.

Monthly and Annual Recurring Revenue (MRR, ARR)

The predictable subscription revenue a business earns each month or year, excluding one-time fees.

Media Efficiency

Media Efficiency

Return on Ad Spend (ROAS)

Revenue attributed to advertising divided by the advertising spend that produced it.

Marketing Efficiency Ratio (MER)

Total company revenue divided by total marketing spend, with no attribution modeling involved.

Incremental ROAS (iROAS)

The return from revenue that would not have happened without the ad, measured against a holdout group.

Cost Per Acquisition (CPA)

What a single conversion costs, where the conversion is a defined action rather than a paying customer.

Cost Per Lead (CPL)

The average media cost to generate one lead, before any qualification has happened.

Cost Per Mille (CPM)

The cost to serve one thousand ad impressions, the base unit of media pricing.

Cost Per Click (CPC)

The average amount paid for one click on an ad.

Blended CAC vs Paid CAC

The difference between what all customers cost on average and what paid-acquired customers actually cost.

Pipeline and Funnel

Pipeline and Funnel

Marketing Qualified Lead (MQL)

A lead that has met the marketing team's bar for handoff to sales, usually by fit plus engagement.

Sales Qualified Lead (SQL)

A lead sales has vetted and judged worth pursuing as a real opportunity.

Sales Accepted Lead (SAL)

A lead sales has formally accepted for follow-up, sitting between marketing qualification and real opportunity.

Product Qualified Lead (PQL)

A user who has hit a meaningful usage milestone in a free product and earned a sales conversation.

Pipeline Coverage Ratio

How many dollars of open pipeline exist for every dollar of the revenue target in a period.

Win Rate

The share of qualified opportunities that close as won.

Sales Cycle Length

The average elapsed time from qualified opportunity to closed won.

Marketing Sourced vs Marketing Influenced Pipeline

The difference between pipeline marketing created outright and pipeline marketing merely touched.

Retention and Revenue Quality

Retention and Revenue Quality

Churn Rate

The rate at which customers or revenue leave the business in a given period.

Net Revenue Retention (NRR)

Revenue retained from existing customers including expansion, expressed against the starting base.

Cohort Analysis

Grouping customers by when they were acquired and tracking each group's behavior over time.

Net Promoter Score (NPS)

A single-question loyalty score from minus 100 to plus 100, based on likelihood to recommend.

Measurement and Market

Measurement and Market

Multi-Touch Attribution (MTA)

The set of rules that decides which marketing touchpoints get credit for a conversion.

Incrementality Testing

A controlled experiment that measures what marketing actually caused, rather than what it can claim.

Marketing Mix Modeling (MMM)

A statistical model that estimates each channel's contribution to revenue using aggregate historical data.

Share of Voice (SOV)

A brand's share of total category visibility, whether in advertising, search results or AI answers.

TAM, SAM and SOM

The three nested market sizes: everything possible, everything reachable, and everything realistically winnable.

Next step

Know the number. Now move it.

Defining a metric is the easy half. If you need the reporting layer that makes these numbers trustworthy, start with analytics and reporting, or see all consulting services.

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